There is no Starbucks franchise for sale in the US: Starbucks licenses stores to host businesses such as airports, grocers and hospitals, and its fiscal 2025 10-K counts 6,813 U.S. licensed stores beside 10,047 company-operated ones.
Key takeaways
- Not accepting franchisees: the Starbucks investor FAQ answers “Does Starbucks franchise?” with “No, Starbucks is not accepting applications for franchisees at this time” (Starbucks investor FAQ, October 2026).
- 40.4% of U.S. stores are licensed: 6,813 of 16,860 at September 28, 2025, a share that stayed between 40.0% and 41.0% across fiscal 2023 to 2025 (Starbucks Form 10-K, fiscal 2025, Item 1; our arithmetic).
- Two thirds of all stores are now licensed: 27,691 of 41,304 at June 28, 2026, after 7,991 company-operated China stores became licensed when the Boyu Capital joint venture closed on March 30, 2026 (Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 28, 2026).
- What Starbucks collects: a margin on products and supplies sold to the licensee plus a royalty on retail sales; licensees pay operating costs and capital investments. Licensed stores produced $4,350.4 million, 12% of total net revenues, in fiscal 2025 (Form 10-K, fiscal 2025).
- No FDD on file: a search of Minnesota’s CARDS franchise registry for “Starbucks” returned 0 documents of any type on October 27, 2026 (Minnesota CARDS search), so the widely quoted $315,000 license fee has no Item 5 or Item 7 to check it against.
- The closest franchised format: Dunkin’ sells non-traditional restaurants in hospitals, airports, schools and supermarkets for $142,000 to $862,500 (Dunkin’ FDD issued March 26, 2026, Item 7).
| Measure | Figure | Filing |
|---|---|---|
| U.S. company-operated stores, Sep 28, 2025 | 10,047 | Form 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
| U.S. licensed stores, Sep 28, 2025 | 6,813 | Form 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
| All stores worldwide, Jun 28, 2026 | 41,304 in 90 markets | Form 10-Q Q3 FY2026 |
| Licensed stores worldwide, Jun 28, 2026 | 27,691 (67.0%, our arithmetic) | Form 10-Q Q3 FY2026 |
| Licensed store revenue, fiscal 2025 | $4,350.4 million (12% of total net revenues) | Form 10-K FY2025, Item 7 |
| Starbucks FDDs in Minnesota CARDS | 0 (searched Oct 27, 2026) | Minnesota Department of Commerce |
| FTC large-investment exemption | $1,469,600 or more | 16 CFR 436.8(a)(5)(i) |
Can you buy a Starbucks franchise in the United States?
No. Starbucks Corporation describes only two kinds of U.S. store in its fiscal 2025 Form 10-K, company-operated and licensed, and its investor FAQ says it is not accepting applications for franchisees. The 10-K adds one exception that most guides skip: “In a limited number of international markets, we also use traditional franchising”, with those stores reported inside the licensed count.
The registry record matches the filing. Franchisors that sell in Minnesota file their Franchise Disclosure Document with the state’s CARDS database, and a search for “Starbucks” on October 27, 2026 returned 0 filings of any document type, while the same search for “Dunkin” returned 6 Clean FDD rows (Minnesota CARDS). With no FDD there is no Item 5 initial fee, no Item 7 investment table and no Item 20 outlet list to read. The 23 items a franchisor must disclose are laid out in our guide to the franchise disclosure document.
The newest annual numbers come from the fiscal 2025 Form 10-K, filed November 14, 2025 on SEC EDGAR. As of October 27, 2026 the fiscal 2026 annual report had not been filed, so the latest store count is the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 28, 2026.
How many Starbucks stores are licensed, and how many does the company run itself?
Across three 10-K filings the licensed share held at 48% worldwide and about 40% in the U.S. Then the mix flipped: at June 28, 2026, Starbucks counted 27,691 licensed stores and 13,613 company-operated stores, because the China joint venture moved 7,991 stores from one column to the other on March 30, 2026. The table below uses the filing date of each count.
| Count date (fiscal period) | Company-operated | Licensed | Total | Licensed share | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 1, 2023 (FY2023 end) | 19,592 | 18,446 | 38,038 | 48% | 10-K FY2023 |
| Sep 29, 2024 (FY2024 end) | 21,018 | 19,181 | 40,199 | 48% | 10-K FY2024 |
| Sep 28, 2025 (FY2025 end) | 21,514 | 19,476 | 40,990 | 48% | 10-K FY2025 |
| Jun 28, 2026 (Q3 FY2026) | 13,613 | 27,691 | 41,304 | 67.0% (our arithmetic) | 10-Q Q3 FY2026 |
Licensed stores went from 48% to 67.0% of the Starbucks system after 7,991 China stores converted on March 30, 2026. Source: Starbucks 10-K and 10-Q filings, accessed October 27, 2026.
U.S. stores only: licensed share near 40% for three fiscal years
The 10-K’s North America segment includes Canada, so the U.S. split has to be read from the store-data tables in Item 1 of each 10-K. U.S. licensed stores grew from 6,608 at the start of fiscal 2023 to 6,813 at the end of fiscal 2025: 676 openings, 473 closures and 2 transfers in.
| Fiscal year | U.S. company-operated (year end) | U.S. licensed (year end) | U.S. licensed opened | U.S. licensed closed | Licensed share of U.S. stores | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2023 (to Oct 1, 2023) | 9,645 | 6,701 | 206 | 113 | 41.0% | 10-K FY2023, Item 1 |
| FY2024 (to Sep 29, 2024) | 10,158 | 6,777 | 232 | 158 | 40.0% | 10-K FY2024, Item 1 |
| FY2025 (to Sep 28, 2025) | 10,047 | 6,813 | 238 | 202 | 40.4% | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
U.S. licensed stores held between 40.0% and 41.0% of the U.S. total in fiscal 2023 to 2025. Source: Starbucks Forms 10-K, Item 1, accessed October 27, 2026.
Company-operated U.S. stores fell by 111 in fiscal 2025 (509 opened, 620 closed), and the 10-K notes that 627 stores worldwide closed in the fourth quarter under the “Back to Starbucks” restructuring plan. Licensed U.S. stores still added a net 36 that year.
How the shares in these tables are calculated
Starbucks prints whole-number percentages, so we recomputed each share from the store and revenue counts in the filings. The worldwide licensed share was 47.5% at the end of fiscal 2025, which the 10-K rounds to 48%, and licensed revenue was 11.7% of total net revenues, which it rounds to 12%.
| Figure | Inputs from the filing | Arithmetic | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. licensed share, FY2025 | 6,813 licensed; 10,047 company-operated | 6,813 / (6,813 + 10,047) | 40.4% |
| Global licensed share, FY2025 | 19,476 licensed; 40,990 total | 19,476 / 40,990 | 47.5% (10-K rounds to 48%) |
| Global licensed share, Jun 28, 2026 | 7,222 + 20,469 licensed; 41,304 total | 27,691 / 41,304 | 67.0% |
| International licensed share, Jun 28, 2026 | 20,469 licensed; 22,933 International | 20,469 / 22,933 | 89.3% |
| Licensed revenue share, FY2025 | $4,350.4M licensed; $37,184.4M total net revenues | 4,350.4 / 37,184.4 | 11.7% (10-K states 12%) |
North America itself barely moved: 7,222 of 18,371 stores, or 39.3%, were licensed at June 28, 2026. The jump to 67.0% is an International-segment event, driven by China.
What does Starbucks collect from a licensed store operator?
The fiscal 2025 10-K states it in one sentence: “Starbucks receives a margin on branded products and supplies sold to the licensed store operator along with a royalty on retail sales.” Licensees carry the operating costs and capital investments. The filing gives no royalty percentage and no license fee amount, so neither figure is public.
| Payment or cost | Who pays whom | What the 10-K says | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Product margin | Licensee to Starbucks | Starbucks sells coffee, tea, food and related products to licensees for resale | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
| Royalty | Licensee to Starbucks | “a royalty on retail sales”; rate not disclosed | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
| License fees | Licensee to Starbucks | “royalties and license fees”; amount not disclosed | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
| Equipment | Licensee to Starbucks | coffee brewers and espresso machines sold to licensees | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
| Operating costs and build-out | Licensee | “Licensees are responsible for operating costs and capital investments” | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
| Staff training | Licensee staff attend | classes similar to those for company-operated store employees | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
At company level, licensed store revenue was $4,512.7 million in fiscal 2023, $4,505.1 million in fiscal 2024 and $4,350.4 million in fiscal 2025. The 10-K attributes $143 million of the fiscal 2025 drop to lower product, equipment and royalty revenue from North America licensees. These are Starbucks’ receipts from licensees, not sales or profit at any store. How other public franchisors split royalty and product income is compared in our report on how franchisors make money.
Who holds a Starbucks license, and how does that differ from owning a franchise?
A Starbucks licensee is usually a business that already controls the site. A March 24, 2026 post from Starbucks’ U.S. licensed business names “hospitals, hotels, grocery stores, airports and campuses” (Starbucks, March 24, 2026), and the 10-K says “Most licensees are prominent retailers with in-depth market knowledge and access.” A franchise buyer receives an FDD before signing, and Dunkin’ sells franchises in the same kinds of host sites.
| Point of difference | Starbucks licensed store | Dunkin’ non-traditional (SDO) franchise | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Who signs | Host business or large retailer | Franchisee under a Franchise Agreement plus a Non-Traditional Rider | 10-K FY2025; Dunkin’ FDD 2026, Item 1 |
| Typical sites | Hospitals, hotels, grocery stores, airports, campuses | Hospitals, train stations, airports, schools and colleges, supermarkets, travel centers | Starbucks, Mar 24, 2026; Dunkin’ FDD, Item 1 |
| Disclosure document | None on file in Minnesota CARDS | FDD issued March 26, 2026 | CARDS search, Oct 27, 2026 |
| Published startup cost | None | $142,000 to $862,500 | Dunkin’ FDD, Item 7 |
| Ongoing payments | Royalty on retail sales plus product margin; rates not published | 5.9% Continuing Franchise Fee; 2.5% advertising fee at SDO locations | 10-K FY2025; Dunkin’ FDD, Item 6 |
Outside the U.S. the licensee is often a regional operator or joint venture. The 10-K lists a 50% interest in Tata Starbucks Limited, which operates licensed stores in India, and Starbucks kept 40% of the China joint venture with Boyu Capital. In the UK, licensed stores “represent the majority of our estate”, per a March 3, 2026 post on a new UK licensee model (Starbucks Stories EMEA). The general split between the two roles is explained in our page on franchisee vs franchisor.
Does a Starbucks license count as a franchise under the FTC Franchise Rule?
The name on the contract does not settle it. Under 16 CFR 436.1(h), a franchise is any continuing relationship “whatever it may be called” that combines a trademark, significant control or assistance, and a required payment; arrangements with less than $735 paid in the first six months are exempt. The 10-K describes all three features in Starbucks’ licensed model, so the exemptions in 16 CFR 436.8 carry most of the weight.
| FTC element | Rule text, shortened | Matching description in the 10-K | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Trademark | Right to operate a business identified with the franchisor’s trademark | Starbucks “license[s] our trademarks” through licensed stores | 436.1(h)(1); 10-K FY2025 |
| 2. Control or assistance | Significant control over, or assistance with, the method of operation | Licensee employees must follow detailed store operating procedures and attend training classes | 436.1(h)(2); 10-K FY2025 |
| 3. Required payment | A required payment to the franchisor or an affiliate | Starbucks receives royalties and license fees and sells products and equipment to licensees | 436.1(h)(3); 10-K FY2025 |
| Exemption in 16 CFR 436.8(a) | Threshold | Why a host business might fit | Section |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fractional franchise | More than 2 years in the same type of business, and 20% or less of first-year sales | A food retailer adding one coffee counter could meet both tests; a new owner could not | 436.1(g); 436.8(a)(2) |
| Large investment | At least $1,469,600, excluding unimproved land and franchisor financing, signed acknowledgment | Large airport or flagship builds | 436.8(a)(5)(i) |
| Large franchisee | Entity in business at least 5 years with net worth of at least $7,348,000 | “Prominent retailers” of the kind the 10-K describes | 436.8(a)(5)(ii) |
| Minimum payment | Less than $735 paid in the first 6 months | Unlikely once equipment and product purchases count | 436.8(a)(1) |
| Leased department | Seller buys no goods from the retailer | Rarely fits: the licensee is the retailer | 436.1(l); 436.8(a)(3) |
We have not seen a Starbucks license agreement, and whether a particular contract is a franchise is a legal question for the parties. A host business offered one can ask its franchise counsel three specific things: which 436.8 exemption the licensor relies on, whether any state franchise or business-opportunity law applies, and whether the $1,469,600 and $7,348,000 thresholds (adjusted by the FTC every fourth year, last in July 2024) are met on the signing date. This is general information, not legal, financial or investment advice. The three-part test is walked through in more depth on our franchise definition page.
Where does the “$315,000 Starbucks franchise cost” come from?
We found no primary source for it. The $315,000 license fee and the $700,000 liquidity requirement repeat across top-ranking guides without a citation, and neither figure appears in the fiscal 2023 to 2025 10-Ks, the June 2026 10-Q, the Starbucks investor FAQ or the two 2026 Starbucks licensing posts we read. The table sets common claims against the record.
| What several guides say | What the primary record shows | Source |
|---|---|---|
| A Starbucks license costs about $315,000 | The 10-K confirms royalties and license fees exist but states no amount; no Starbucks FDD is on file to show one | 10-K FY2025; CARDS |
| Applicants need about $700,000 in liquid assets | No Starbucks document we opened states a liquidity or net-worth minimum | Investor FAQ; Starbucks posts, March 2026 |
| About 49% of U.S. Starbucks stores are licensed (a guide updated 2026) | 40.4% of U.S. stores were licensed at Sep 28, 2025; 48% was the worldwide figure | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
| Starbucks has “nearly 40,000 stores in 80+ countries” | 40,990 stores in 89 markets at Sep 28, 2025; 41,304 in 90 markets at Jun 28, 2026 | 10-K FY2025; 10-Q Q3 FY2026 |
| A data page shows Item 19 and Item 3 entries for Starbucks | Items 3 and 19 are FDD items, and no Starbucks FDD appears in Minnesota CARDS | CARDS search, Oct 27, 2026 |
| Starbucks never franchises anywhere | Traditional franchising is used “in a limited number of international markets” | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
So the honest answer to “how much is a Starbucks franchise” is that the cost of a licensed store sits in a private agreement, and the 10-K places the build-out and operating costs on the licensee. For a buyer who needs a published Item 7 range, the franchised coffee brands in the cost table further down are the comparable figures.
What changed in Starbucks’ licensed model between 2024 and 2026?
Seven dated events in Starbucks’ own filings and posts moved stores between columns. Starbucks bought a UK licensee, closed 627 stores in late fiscal 2025, converted 7,991 China stores to licensed on March 30, 2026, and in September 2026 approved about 250 more North America closures while cutting fiscal 2026 net new openings to about 440.
| Date | Event | Effect on the store mix | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 14, 2024 | Acquires UK licensee 23.5 Degrees Topco Limited | 113 licensed stores become company-operated | 10-K FY2025, Note 2 |
| Sep 28, 2025 | Fiscal 2025 ends; 627 stores closed in Q4 restructuring | 19,476 licensed and 21,514 company-operated stores | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Agreement with Boyu Capital for up to 60% of Starbucks retail operations in China | Starbucks to stay “owner and licensor” of the brand | Form 8-K, Nov 3, 2025 |
| Mar 24, 2026 | U.S. licensed business restructured by segment | Travel, healthcare and campuses named as growth segments | Starbucks, Mar 24, 2026 |
| Mar 30, 2026 | China joint venture closes | 7,991 company-operated stores converted to licensed stores | 10-Q Q3 FY2026, Note 2 |
| Jun 28, 2026 | Third quarter of fiscal 2026 ends | 27,691 licensed of 41,304 stores (67.0%) | 10-Q Q3 FY2026 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | Board approves closing about 1% of more than 18,000 North America coffeehouses | About 250 closures; fiscal 2026 net new openings guided to about 440, down from 600 to 650 | Form 8-K, Sep 24, 2026 |
The U.S. licensed side also got new terms. The March 24, 2026 post lists four initiatives for licensees: a licensee version of the GROW program, performance-based incentives, sourcing flexibility with right-sized equipment, and joint business plans. None of the four comes with a published fee schedule.
What do franchisable coffee brands cost if a Starbucks license is out of reach?
Coffee franchises that sell to individuals publish their startup cost in Item 7 of an FDD. The four FDDs below run from $142,000 for a Dunkin’ non-traditional restaurant to $2,283,500 for a 7 Brew store, and 7 Brew sells only to developers who commit to at least 10 stores. Rows are sorted by Item 7 low end and are not a ranking.
| Brand and format | Item 7 total investment | Condition worth knowing | FDD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dunkin’, non-traditional (SDO) | $142,000 to $862,500 | Same host sites as Starbucks licensees: hospitals, airports, schools, supermarkets | Dunkin’ FDD, March 26, 2026 |
| Ziggi’s Coffee, Mobile Unit | $315,830 to $464,355 | Separate ranges for drive-thru, cafe and endcap formats | Ziggi’s FDD, March 31, 2026 |
| Dunkin’, freestanding | $532,400 to $1,832,500 | Initial fee $40,000 to $90,000 by Development Area Type (Item 5) | Dunkin’ FDD, March 26, 2026 |
| Ziggi’s Coffee, Drive Thru | $586,830 to $1,759,855 | Development Agreement adds $50,000 to $185,000 for 3 to 9 shops | Ziggi’s FDD, March 31, 2026 |
| Scooter’s Coffee, one store | $658,898 to $1,345,750 | $220,000 to $286,000 paid to the franchisor or an affiliate | Scooter’s FDD, July 14, 2026, amended Oct 5, 2026 |
| 7 Brew, traditional store | $940,500 to $2,283,500 | At least 10 stores under a Development Rights Rider | 7 Brew FDD, May 11, 2026 |
Across 11 coffee, donut, dessert, smoothie and tea FDDs issued in 2025 and 2026, the median Item 7 range was $391,500 to $647,160 and the median royalty 6% of sales, per our coffee franchise statistics report. Line-by-line breakdowns for two of the brands above sit on our Dunkin’ franchise cost and 7 Brew franchise cost pages.
Which route fits a host business, a large operator or a first-time buyer?
The route depends on whether you already control a site with built-in traffic and on the size of your balance sheet. Match your situation to a row: the thresholds come from 16 CFR 436.8 and the FDDs cited above, and each row says what to check before signing anything.
| If you are | Then | Rule or threshold to check | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| A hospital, hotel, grocer, airport concessionaire or campus food operator | Ask Starbucks’ licensed business about a license and ask counsel which 436.8 exemption applies | Fractional: more than 2 years in the same type of business and 20% or less of first-year sales | 16 CFR 436.8(a)(2) |
| An entity in business 5 or more years with net worth of $7,348,000 or more | Expect some franchisors, not only Starbucks, to skip the FDD | Large-franchisee exemption | 436.8(a)(5)(ii) |
| Planning one site costing $1,469,600 or more, excluding land | Read any exemption acknowledgment before you sign it | Large-investment exemption | 436.8(a)(5)(i) |
| An individual with no host premises | Starbucks is not taking franchise applications; compare FDDs instead | Dunkin’ SDO Item 7 starts at $142,000 | Investor FAQ; Dunkin’ FDD |
| Set on a drive-thru coffee unit | Compare Item 7 and development minimums | 7 Brew requires at least 10 stores; Scooter’s sells single stores | 7 Brew and Scooter’s FDDs |
| Outside the U.S. | Ask who holds Starbucks rights in your market | Franchising is used only in “a limited number of international markets” | 10-K FY2025, Item 1 |
| Offered a “Starbucks franchise” by a third party | Ask for the FDD and check the state registry before paying | 0 Starbucks filings in Minnesota CARDS | CARDS, Oct 27, 2026 |
A genuine franchise seller hands over its FDD at least 14 calendar days before you sign or pay, the window printed on the cover of each FDD cited here; complaint and enforcement records are tracked in our research on franchise fraud. A buyer comparing the coffee brands above can also ask a consultant to pull current FDDs; how that works and who pays is set out in what a franchise consultant does.
How we compiled this
We read 6 Starbucks SEC filings on EDGAR (Forms 10-K for fiscal 2023, 2024 and 2025, the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 28, 2026, and Forms 8-K dated November 3, 2025 and September 24, 2026), the Starbucks investor FAQ and two 2026 Starbucks posts on its licensed business, all in October 2026. We read 16 CFR 436.1 and 436.8 in the 2026 Code of Federal Regulations, searched Minnesota CARDS for any Starbucks filing, and took coffee franchise costs from the cover pages and Item 7 tables of 4 FDDs. Third-party cost guides were used only to identify claims to check; we excluded every figure we could not find in a primary document.
Frequently asked questions
Is Starbucks a franchise?
Not in the United States. Starbucks runs company-operated stores and licenses others to host businesses such as airports, grocers and hospitals. Its investor FAQ says it is not accepting franchisee applications, and its fiscal 2025 Form 10-K says traditional franchising is used only in a limited number of international markets, with those stores counted as licensed.
How much does a Starbucks franchise cost?
Starbucks publishes no cost because it sells no U.S. franchises and has no FDD on file in Minnesota CARDS. Its 10-K says licensees pay royalties, license fees and product margins and fund their own build-out and operating costs, but gives no amounts. The $315,000 figure in many guides has no primary source we could find.
Does Starbucks franchise outside the United States?
In a few markets, yes. The fiscal 2025 10-K says Starbucks uses traditional franchising in a limited number of international markets and reports those stores with its licensed stores, without naming the markets. Most international stores run under licensees or joint ventures, such as Tata Starbucks Limited in India and the Boyu Capital venture in China.
Who owns licensed Starbucks stores in airports and grocery stores?
The host business or its food-service operator. A March 2026 Starbucks post names hospitals, hotels, grocery stores, airports and campuses as licensed settings, and the 10-K says most licensees are prominent retailers. Starbucks sells them products and equipment, collects a royalty on retail sales, and requires licensee staff to follow its store operating procedures.
Why are two thirds of Starbucks stores licensed now?
Because of China. When the Boyu Capital joint venture closed on March 30, 2026, 7,991 company-operated China stores became licensed stores. At June 28, 2026 Starbucks counted 27,691 licensed of 41,304 stores, 67.0%, against 48% at the end of fiscal 2025. In the U.S. the licensed share stayed near 40%.
Can I buy an existing Starbucks store?
Company-operated stores belong to Starbucks Corporation, which reported 10,047 of them in the U.S. at September 28, 2025, and it does not sell them to individuals as franchises. Licensed stores sit inside a host’s premises under a private agreement, so any change of operator depends on the terms of that agreement, which are not public, not on a resale market.
Sources
- Starbucks Corporation Form 10-K, fiscal year ended September 28, 2025, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR). Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Starbucks Corporation Form 10-K, fiscal year ended September 29, 2024, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR). Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Starbucks Corporation Form 10-K, fiscal year ended October 1, 2023, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR). Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Starbucks Corporation Form 10-Q, quarter ended June 28, 2026, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR). Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Starbucks Corporation Form 8-K, November 3, 2025 (China joint venture agreement), U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR). Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Starbucks Corporation Form 8-K, filed September 24, 2026 (North America closures), U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR). Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Frequently Asked Questions (Does Starbucks franchise?), Starbucks Investor Relations. Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Post by the svp, U.S. Licensed Coffeehouse Business, March 24, 2026, Starbucks. Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Back to Starbucks: A new licensee model for UK growth, March 3, 2026, Starbucks Stories EMEA. Accessed October 27, 2026.
- 16 CFR 436.1, Definitions (2026 CFR), U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo). Accessed October 27, 2026.
- 16 CFR 436.8, Exemptions (2026 CFR), U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo). Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Franchise registrations search: Starbucks, Minnesota Department of Commerce (CARDS). Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Dunkin’ Franchise Disclosure Document, issued March 26, 2026 (Items 1, 5, 6, 7), Dunkin’ Donuts Franchising LLC via Minnesota CARDS. Accessed October 27, 2026.
- 7 Brew Franchise Disclosure Document, issued May 11, 2026 (cover, Items 1, 6, 7), Brew Culture Franchise, LLC via Minnesota CARDS. Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Scooter’s Coffee Franchise Disclosure Document, issued July 14, 2026, as amended October 5, 2026 (cover), Scooter’s Coffee Franchisor, LLC via Minnesota CARDS. Accessed October 27, 2026.
- Ziggi’s Coffee Franchise Disclosure Document, issued March 31, 2026 (cover), Ziggi’s Coffee Franchise, LLC via Minnesota CARDS. Accessed October 27, 2026.